Global Principles

A Framework for AI & Energy

Shared principles for shared prosperity — and a sustainable future.

The convergence of artificial intelligence and energy systems presents one of the most consequential opportunities of our era. Though we are early on this trajectory now, it seems we have to choose between growth and resources. However, there are ways to leverage this growth for more sustainable resources if stakeholders work together more strategically. In the worst case, we will be left in a world of energy starvation for our populations. But, in the best case, if tech companies, utilities, and policymakers align their incentives, the booming AI market can become one of the most powerful engines for clean energy deployment in history.

Principle I
AI Investment is an Economic Development Opportunity
AI infrastructure — data centers, transmission upgrades, grid modernization — represents a massive infusion of capital into communities. When sited and structured intentionally, these projects can generate lasting local jobs, expand the tax base, and bring new energy infrastructure to underserved regions.
Principle II
Communities Must Play a Proactive, Strategic Role
The scale of AI-driven energy demand can easily outpace the capacity of local communities to engage and shape decisions that profoundly affect them. Realistic, inclusive dialogue is not optional — it is essential. Communities deserve to understand what is being built and what they stand to gain. For that to be effective, however, communities must also be able to consolidate their viewpoint into a stratified set of choices, ideally reflected in policy.

AI infrastructure — data centers, transmission upgrades, grid modernization — represents a massive infusion of capital into communities across the globe. When sited and structured intentionally, these projects can generate lasting local jobs, expand the tax base, spur supply chain investment, and bring new energy infrastructure to underserved regions. AI growth, properly channeled, is not just a technology story — it is an economic development story, and communities should be empowered to capture and shape that value.

Commitments under this principle
  • Prioritize community voice tied to AI infrastructure siting decisions, using tools like zoning policies or community benefit agreements
  • Ensure economic benefits are distributed broadly, not concentrated in already-advantaged markets
  • Support local workforce development and apprenticeship programs tied to new projects
Case Studies
  • No case studies linked yet

The scale and pace of AI-driven energy demand can easily outpace the capacity of local communities to engage, understand, and shape decisions that profoundly affect them. Realistic, inclusive dialogue is not optional — it is essential. For that to be effective, however, communities must also be able to consolidate their viewpoint into a stratified set of choices, ideally reflected in policy. No project should proceed without genuine community input, grounded in transparent and accessible information. Often, NDAs can block access to this. Thus, the most effective stance is a proactive one, where communities stratify their priorities before a deal is in the works and have a seat at the table of economic development deals early on.

Commitments under this principle
  • Establish and consolidate community engagement processes early — before a deal is in the works, not after announcements
  • Provide clear, jargon-free disclosures on energy use, water use, grid impacts, and projected emissions when possible. When not, be clear about what is most important to the community
  • Invest in civic infrastructure — tools, forums, and resources — that enable communities to evaluate tradeoffs and make informed decisions before a deal is on the table
Case Studies
  • No case studies linked yet
Principle III
Utilize the Opportunity to Further Local Climate Goals
The challenges at the intersection of AI and energy cannot be solved by any single sector. But the convergence of AI demand and energy infrastructure creates a rare opening — a chance to accelerate local clean energy goals that have stalled for lack of financing, political will, or anchor demand. Find new ways to align the priorities of utilities, developers, governments, and communities around that shared opportunity.
Principle IV
Adopt a Deal-Making Hat and Go To Market Together
Speed-to-power is the most important metric for landing deals now – and working in stakeholder unison signals alignment in a landscape wrought with disagreements. Unique collaborations will separate regions in the marketplace and help communities keep the upper hand in negotiations when approached proactively. The likely scenario is that a new data center will come near you – control the terms for it yourselves.

The challenges at the intersection of AI and energy cannot be solved by any single sector — but the opportunity they create can be seized by regions that coordinate well. AI infrastructure demand is one of the most powerful financing and demand signals the clean energy sector has seen. Regions that treat incoming AI load as a catalyst for local clean energy deployment — not just a grid burden — will be the ones that advance their climate goals fastest. Utility companies, technology firms, regulators, local governments, environmental advocates, labor organizations, and community groups each hold a piece of this. Success will require new forms of coordination that did not exist a decade ago.

Commitments under this principle
  • Establish multi-stakeholder forums that explicitly connect AI infrastructure decisions to local and regional climate goals — not just grid capacity
  • Use long-term AI energy demand as an anchor to finance new local renewable generation, storage, and grid modernization projects that advance community climate commitments
  • Require that AI infrastructure siting decisions align with — and ideally accelerate — the host region's existing clean energy and climate action plans
Case Studies
  • No case studies linked yet

Speed-to-power is the most important metric for landing deals now – and working in stakeholder unison signals alignment in a landscape wrought with disagreements. Unique collaborations will separate regions in the marketplace and help communities keep the upper hand in negotiations when approached proactively. The likely scenario is that a new data center will come near you – control the terms for it yourselves. Ensure that your economic development policies and energy policies work hand-in-hand to ease the process for new deals and can be used to benefit one another.

Commitments under this principle
  • Build proper multi-stakeholder communication channels and approach new projects together
  • Understand who leads projects, who contributes, and at what stage each leader is brought in
  • Be loud about your goals, and staunch about what you’re not willing to give up
Case Studies
  • No case studies linked yet
For the first time ever, our potential for growth is constrained by energy. The question is how we choose to embrace this challenge and how we harness its strengths — for our communities, our economies, and our climate.
Global Principles for AI & Energy
Who must come together
Technology companies Hyperscalers & data center operators Investor-owned utilities Public power & co-ops Renewable energy developers Grid storage & transmission State & local regulators Federal policymakers Community organizations Labor & workforce Environmental advocates Indigenous & frontline communities Academic & research institutions International bodies

Select any stakeholder to see how they can use these principles

Your role
How you can use these principles
    A Global Challenge

    Considerations for different parts of the world

    These principles apply globally, but the path to implementing them looks different depending on where you are. Select a region to explore the specific context, opportunities, and considerations.

    Regional Context

    The Americas span the world's largest AI market in the US, rapidly industrializing economies in Latin America, and communities with deep energy access disparities. The region faces an acute tension between the pace of hyperscaler buildout and the capacity of grid infrastructure and communities to absorb it.

    • US grid interconnection queues are backlogged by years — new data center demand is accelerating the bottleneck and raising questions about queue priority for clean energy vs. load
    • Latin American countries with strong renewable resources (Chile, Brazil, Colombia) are emerging as viable data center markets but lack the policy frameworks to ensure community benefit
    • Indigenous land rights and water access are critical flashpoints, particularly in the southwestern US and across resource-rich regions of South America
    • State-level energy regulation in the US creates a patchwork — what works in Texas may be impossible in California, and vice versa
    • Canada's clean grid and political stability make it attractive, but First Nations consultation requirements must be meaningfully integrated, not treated as a checkbox
    Key Metrics & Opportunities
    ~40%
    Share of global data center capacity currently in North America
    2,600+
    GW of clean energy waiting in US interconnection queues
    Brazil
    Largest data center market in Latin America, 85% renewable grid
    Chile
    Among the world's best solar resources and growing digital hub ambitions
    Regional Context

    Europe leads globally on regulatory frameworks for both AI (EU AI Act) and energy (Green Deal, REPowerEU), but faces serious constraints: high energy costs post-Ukraine, ambitious decarbonization targets, and growing public backlash to data center land and water use. Europe is where the policy architecture is most advanced — and where the tension between ambition and delivery is most visible.

    • The EU AI Act and GDPR create data sovereignty requirements that shape where AI infrastructure can be located — compliance and energy strategy must be co-designed
    • Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark) offer clean grids and cool climates ideal for data centers, but face increasing community resistance and grid capacity limits
    • Water use for cooling is a growing political issue — several European municipalities have blocked or conditioned data center approvals on water efficiency standards
    • Corporate PPAs and Guarantees of Origin are widely used but face scrutiny over additionality — Europe is where the "24/7 clean energy" standard is being most rigorously debated
    • Eastern Europe (Poland, Romania, Czech Republic) represents an emerging opportunity with improving connectivity and lower costs, but grid carbon intensity remains high
    Key Metrics & Opportunities
    2026
    EU AI Act phased compliance deadline, shaping infrastructure decisions now
    ~69%
    Share of electricity from renewables in Sweden — top data center host
    Ireland
    Hosts ~70% of EU hyperscaler capacity — now facing grid moratoriums
    REPowerEU
    €300B plan to accelerate renewables — a potential anchor for AI load alignment
    Regional Context

    Africa represents the most acute opportunity and the highest risk of the AI-energy nexus. The continent has extraordinary renewable resources — solar, wind, hydro, geothermal — and the world's fastest-growing population and urbanization rate. But energy access remains deeply unequal, and there is a real danger that AI infrastructure investment extracts value from Africa rather than building it there.

    • 600+ million Africans still lack access to electricity — any AI infrastructure strategy that doesn't address energy access as a co-priority risks deepening inequality
    • South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, and Egypt are the primary data center markets — but infrastructure quality, grid stability, and policy certainty vary enormously between them
    • Africa's renewable resource potential is the largest in the world but remains almost entirely undeveloped — AI demand could serve as an anchor tenant to unlock investment
    • Subsea cable infrastructure (especially on the East and West coasts) is rapidly improving connectivity but latency and reliability remain barriers for latency-sensitive AI workloads
    • Community benefit and local ownership structures are essential — extractive models that ship data offshore without local value creation will face growing political resistance
    • Continental policy frameworks (African Union, AfCFTA) are nascent but could play a critical role in establishing cross-border data and energy standards
    Key Metrics & Opportunities
    600M+
    People without electricity access — the equity imperative is acute
    7,000+
    TWh/yr of untapped solar potential across the Sahara alone
    Kenya
    90%+ renewable grid powered by geothermal and hydro — a standout hub
    $5B+
    Data center investment committed across Africa 2023–2026
    Regional Context

    Asia is home to the world's fastest-growing AI markets, the largest manufacturing base for AI hardware, and some of the most carbon-intensive grids on earth. The region's diversity is extreme — Singapore's ultra-efficient city-state model sits alongside India's rapidly expanding but coal-heavy grid, and China's state-directed AI buildout follows entirely different logic from Southeast Asia's fragmented markets.

    • China's state-directed AI and energy strategy operates largely outside the stakeholder coalition model — but its supply chain dominance in solar and batteries shapes the global picture
    • India is building data center capacity at scale but over 70% of its grid is still coal — the tension between AI growth and decarbonization commitments is acute and unresolved
    • Singapore has imposed a moratorium on new data centers due to land and power constraints — its successor model (with strict efficiency standards) is a global reference point
    • Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia) is emerging as a major data center destination due to lower costs and improving connectivity, but grid carbon intensity varies widely
    • Japan and South Korea are advanced markets with ambitious AI strategies and clean energy commitments, but face energy security constraints that complicate rapid grid decarbonization
    • Water stress is a critical risk across South and Southeast Asia — monsoon variability and groundwater depletion make cooling strategies a frontline planning issue
    Key Metrics & Opportunities
    India
    Fastest-growing data center market globally — with a 70% coal grid
    500GW
    India's 2030 renewable target — AI demand could accelerate delivery
    <2%
    Singapore's land area — why efficiency standards, not growth, define its model
    $30B+
    Hyperscaler data center commitments to Southeast Asia announced 2023–2024
    Regional Context

    Oceania — anchored by Australia and New Zealand — punches above its weight in AI adoption and digital infrastructure ambition, but faces distinct geographic and political realities. Australia's grid is undergoing one of the world's most rapid coal-to-renewables transitions, creating both opportunity and instability. Pacific Island nations face an entirely different challenge: existential climate risk that makes the AI-energy nexus a matter of survival, not just strategy.

    • Australia is rapidly retiring coal and scaling renewables, but grid stability is a live challenge — new data center load needs to be matched with storage and transmission investment, not just generation
    • New Zealand's near-100% renewable grid (hydro-dominated) makes it an attractive host for clean AI infrastructure, but its small population limits scale and its earthquake risk requires resilience planning
    • Pacific Island nations are on the frontline of climate change — any regional AI and energy framework must center their vulnerability and ensure they are not further disadvantaged by resource allocation
    • Australia's critical minerals endowment (lithium, cobalt, rare earths) positions it as a potential anchor in the AI supply chain — the opportunity to link mining, processing, and clean energy is significant
    • Indigenous land rights (Native Title in Australia, customary land in Pacific nations) require deep and early engagement, not afterthought consultation
    • Connectivity to Southeast Asia and the US via subsea cables is improving but remains a latency constraint for real-time AI workloads
    Key Metrics & Opportunities
    ~38%
    Australia's current renewable share — targeting 82% by 2030
    ~85%
    New Zealand's renewable electricity share — among the highest globally
    1.5°C
    Warming threshold that would displace millions in low-lying Pacific nations
    AU$330B
    Estimated investment needed in Australia's grid to reach 2030 clean energy targets
    Practical Tool

    AI + Energy Decision Tool

    A structured 7-step framework for evaluating any AI infrastructure or energy project — designed to be used in meetings, deal reviews, and policy discussions. Covers go/no-go screening, principle alignment scoring, tradeoff prioritization, and generates a shareable assessment summary.

    Open the tool →

    ~25 minutes  ·  Print / PDF ready

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